What is the primary hazard associated with beta radiation?

The primary hazard associated with beta radiation is its ability to penetrate clothing and the outer layers of skin, which is why the correct answer focuses on this characteristic. Beta radiation consists of high-energy, high-speed electrons or positrons that can travel significant distances and can dodge many barriers that might stop other forms of radiation, such as alpha particles. While beta particles are generally less penetrating than gamma rays, they can still penetrate the dead layer of skin and cause damage to living cells below the surface, potentially leading to radiation burns or other cellular damage.

In contrast, beta radiation does not pose a significant risk from everyday clothing, which provides minimal shielding, making exposure from this radiation source a crucial concern in certain environments, particularly in nuclear facilities or laboratories. The other options describe different aspects of beta radiation but do not capture the primary hazard, which centers on its ability to penetrate clothing and the skin sufficiently to cause biological effects.